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Morocco · Objects & techniques
A cave in the Essaouira region of Atlantic Morocco, approximately 12 km from the present coast. Excavations between 2014 and 2018 recovered 33 perforated marine shells: all but one from Middle Stone Age layer 4c, the other from layer 4a. Most are Tritia gibbosula,…
Examine the recordSouth Africa · Images & symbols
A southern Cape cave in South Africa with several Middle Stone Age occupation phases. We treat three findings as related research questions but separate pieces of evidence: (a) two abalone shells with a prepared ochre-rich mixture and associated…
Examine the recordIndonesia · Images & symbols
A ceiling panel in Leang Karampuang cave in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, documented in a poor state of preservation. The researchers identify a large painted pig and three human-like figures positioned as if interacting with it. Some details have been lost through…
Examine the recordTürkiye · Places & collective life
A Pre-Pottery Neolithic mound near Şanlıurfa in southeastern Türkiye, with carved T-shaped pillars, large round or oval “special buildings,” and smaller structures. The German Archaeological Institute (DAI) currently describes the site as a settlement with a…
Examine the recordEngland · Land & water
Offshore from the Isle of Wight in the western Solent, England, archaeological material survives at several underwater loci, around 11 m below the modern water surface in the investigated area. At BC-II, excavators recovered worked flint from an eroding former…
Examine the recordMirarr Country, Australia · Places & collective life
Madjedbebe is a rock shelter on Mirarr land in northern Australia. Excavations found stone artifacts and pigments in deep occupation bands. The research was conducted through an agreement with the Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation representing Mirarr Traditional…
Examine the recordUnited States · Places & collective life
Human trackways occur on former lake and wetland surfaces at White Sands National Park, New Mexico. The footprints themselves are physical evidence of people walking across those surfaces. The key question is their age, rather than whether a stone-tool type has…
Examine the recordIsrael · Objects & techniques
Ohalo II was a lakeside hunter-gatherer camp at the Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret). Waterlogging preserved an exceptional quantity of plants. examined approximately 150,000 plant remains, identifying more than 140 gathered species, wild cereals, species that…
Examine the recordMurujuga Sea Country, Australia · Land & water
At Cape Bruguieres Channel in Murujuga, northwestern Australia, divers mapped hundreds of stone artifacts in a shallow channel. The interprets much of the assemblage as remaining on a land surface submerged by postglacial sea-level rise. The Deep History of Sea…
Examine the recordNgarrindjeri Country, Australia · Memory & language
Ngarrindjeri peoples of South Australia tell narratives of the ancestral being Ngurunderi. A compares several narrative elements with independently reconstructed coastal changes: the Younghusband Peninsula, islands near the Fleurieu Peninsula, and the former land…
Examine the recordChile · Places & collective life
The original investigations reported worked wood, stakes, organic remains, stone artifacts, and plant and marine material in a waterlogged setting. A study of nine marine-algae species from hearths and other features reported direct radiocarbon dates for algae of…
Examine the recordChina · Objects & techniques
Pottery fragments were recovered from cave layers in Jiangxi, China. The excavators analyzed the stratigraphy at microscopic scale and dated associated charcoal and bone. They report contexts with early pottery at 20,000–19,000 cal BP, long before local…
Examine the recordKenya · Places & collective life
At a Kenyan cave, excavators documented a pit containing the partial skeleton of a child estimated to have died around age 2½–3. The body lay flexed; bone articulation, decomposition traces, and microscopic analysis of pit and surrounding sediment support…
Examine the recordKenya · Objects & techniques
Excavations in Kenya's Olorgesailie Basin document prepared stone cores and points, worked iron-rich red pigment, and raw material transported at least 25–50 km. The investigated Middle Stone Age sites are placed around 320–295 ka by argon-argon and uranium-series…
Examine the recordSiberia · Bodies & movement
A human femur from western Siberia was directly radiocarbon dated to roughly 45 ka and sequenced at high coverage. The researchers identified Neanderthal-derived genomic segments that were longer on average than in many living people. From their lengths, they…
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